Okinawa Base A Challenge For U.S. And Japan

November 18, 2009
By Eric Talmadge
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Associated Press Writer

TOKYO (AP) - Political wrangling by Japan’s new government over plans to move a major U.S. Marine base on Okinawa has opened a wide rift in Washington’s most important Asian alliance ahead of President Barack Obama’s visit last week.

The relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma is the centerpiece of a sweeping realignment plan for the 47,000 U.S. troops in Japan.

Washington and Tokyo agreed three years ago to move the airstrip, which is located in a crowded city and for decades has stood as a symbol of the heavy burden the tiny island of Okinawa has to bear to support Japan’s military alliance with the United States.

But, in one of its first significant diplomatic moves, Japan’s newly elected liberal administration has put the whole deal on hold.

Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, who took office in September, has refused to accept any deadlines for signing off on the deal to move Futenma to a more remote part of Okinawa. With no progress likely during his meeting with Obama, he was expected to focus on Japan’s offer of $5 billion in new aid for Afghanistan and to discuss climate change and economic issues.

Obama tried to smooth over the dispute before his departure.

“I’m confident that once that review is completed that they will conclude that the alliance that we have, the basing arrangements that have been discussed, all those things serve the interests of Japan,” Obama told NHK, Japan’s public broadcaster.

Even so, the two sides remain so far apart on the Futenma move that Senior White House Asia adviser Jeffrey Bader told reporters that Washington does not believe the base issue is “ripe for resolution or a focus” of the two-day visit.

The U.S. security relationship with Japan is more crucial than ever, with China’s influence and military strength rising rapidly and North Korea honing its nuclear and missile technologies.

But senior American officials say that as long as the Futenma move is on hold, they can’t move forward with a bigger effort to re-shape their footprint in the Pacific - including a plan to move 8,000 Marines from Okinawa to Guam.

“What seemingly has been brought to the fore is the commitment on the part of this government to an agreement that we made with the Japanese government, between our two countries,” said Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. “We think it is urgent to examine and commit as rapidly as possible.”

Before taking office, Hatoyama said he wants the base moved off Okinawa or pulled out of Japan completely. He has since essentially frozen plans to move the base to a location farther north on Okinawa by 2014 and vowed to “fundamentally review” a broader effort to revitalize the U.S. military’s presence in Japan.

Hatoyama’s position reflects long-standing skepticism among Japanese progressives about whether the country needs so many U.S. troops, although most generally agree the presence has contributed to regional stability.

Hatoyama has tried not to upset the U.S., but he is also keenly aware of his campaign promises to lighten the load on Okinawa, which makes up less than 1 percent of Japan’s land but hosts about 75 percent of all the U.S. bases.

“This is an issue that needs careful consideration,” Hatoyama said under sharp questioning in parliament two weeks ago by members of the staunchly pro-U.S. Liberal Democratic Party, which ruled Japan for most of the post-war period and signed off on the 2006 Okinawa deal. “We must not hurry to a decision.”

That stance has not gone over well in the Pentagon.

In two high-profile and unusually pointed visits intended to pave the way for Obama’s two-day visit, Mullen and Defense Secretary Robert Gates bluntly told Tokyo they wanted Japan to sign off on the realignment plan in time for the president’s arrival.

Mullen warned delays could foster distrust.

Japan has long been one of Washington’s most reliable military partners. It pays more than $2 billion a year to support the U.S. troops - more than any other host nation.

Along with the U.S. Marine contingent, Japan is the home port for the U.S. 7th Fleet and several important U.S. Air Force bases and ballistic missile defense batteries.

But as Okinawa’s population has grown and become more prosperous, the space taken up by the U.S. bases has become a more pressing issue.

More than 20,000 people protested the military presence last week in one of the biggest demonstrations since outrage over the 1995 rape of a school-girl by two Marines and a Sailor pushed U.S. military and Japanese government officials to negotiate the realignment plan in the first place.

“This protest has demonstrated our renewed opposition and our desire for the base to be moved elsewhere, if it is relocated at all,” said Yoichi Iha, the mayor of Ginowan, which surrounds the base. “I think the Hatoyama government has shown understanding of our position.”

Kenzo Fujisue, a senior member of Hatoyama’s party and an expert on relations with the U.S., acknowledged that Hatoyama’s position on Futenma has caused growing concern in Washington, but stressed that Japan must make its own decisions.

“It is good for Japan to discuss this thoroughly and squarely, rather than being a yes-man, as it used to be,” he said.

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